五大句型

  1. 主谓
  2. 主谓宾
  3. 主系表
  4. 主谓双宾
  5. 主谓宾宾补（Money makes people selfish.

主要使用2，3

并列句

  1. or, not only…, but also… (and)
  2. whereas, while, yet (but)

从句

定语从句

本从句需要引导词充当成分。

  1. 人+ who(人充当主语）, whom（人充当宾语）,whose
  2. 物+ that, which
  3. 时间+ when
  4. 地点+where
  5. As …, …（As 指代, 后面整句话
    • As is symbolically illustrated in the cartoon, a person …

状语从句

  1. when（当）
  2. Once …, … (一旦)
  3. As…, …(由于)
  4. in that = because, since, as, for(因为（强度由高到低)
  5. while, through(尽管)

宾语从句

  1. 动词/介词 + that, what

主语从句

It is … that…

同位语从句

一般用于抽象名词后,

  • I cling to the idea that …

非谓语动词

动名词

doing将动词+ing变成名词

成分：主语和宾语

  • [Participating] in volunteer works could boost my development of interpersonal relationship.

Participating充当主语

不定式

to do

成分：能充当任何成分

  • It is necessary for us [to use computer in a reasonable way and restrain from overindulgence].

It 为形式主语，真正的主语是不定式，to use computer in a reasonable way and restrain from overindulgence

  • The computer is invented [to connect you and me].

不定式to connect you and me，作目的状语

分词短语

现在分词短语

doing+短语

成分：定语，状语

且动作由主语发出

  • I remember that we always anticipated [talking] with him with great eagerness because his lectures are delivered, never [failing to provoke chuckles or loud laughs]

talking动名词，作宾语

failing to provoke chuckles or loud laughs现在分词短语，作状语

过去分词

do + ed

表被动，修饰最近的名词

  • A good teacher add considerably to the materials [contained in the mobile phones]

独立主格结构

[Being 20], I meet you.

being 与主语I动作一致

[The eyes sparkling with delight], the daughter tell her mother.

想表达的sparkling与主语动作不一致，在其前加上逻辑主语The eyes

介词短语

介词短语，是介词和其它代词或名词或词组搭配形成的短语。（它包括不定式）

成分：任何成分

  1. 作状语

    There is a shop at the school gate.

  • for

    • benefits
    • duration
    • helping someone
    • function

  • to

    • destination
    • preference
    • time to
    • limit